In the early 1600s, Oñate ordered an entire town burned when Native Americans denied the advance of the Catholic friars (members of a religious order). If Native Americans dared to resist, they were attacked by the Spanish army. Oñate terrorized the Pueblo inhabitants of the Southwest, brutally and forcibly converting them to Catholicism. In 1598 Spain granted all of present-day New Mexico to Juan de Oñate (pronounced Wahn day Own-YAH-tay c. Some early interactions with Europeans gave NativeĪmericans cause to be wary of them. While there were certainly instances of pleasant, respectful meetings between Native Americans and Europeans, the majority of their interactions led to the eventual decimation of the Native Americans. The first missionariesīy the early nineteenth century all Native Americans had had some degree of contact with Europeans. The effects of religion on the West can best be understood by describing the experiences of three groups: the Native Americans, the Protestants, and the Mormons. The West became a vast testing ground for how tolerant America would become. Others' religion caused them to seek refuge in the West as they were forcibly chased from the "civilized" East. Some believed their religion would "civilize" the West, saving it from evil forces, and they ventured out into unknown areas to save souls. Religious beliefs shaped how many Americans thought about the frontier and its possibilities. Religion had a significant impact on the settling of the West.
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